The Influences of Traits Essay Example For Students

The Influences of Traits   Essay Every murderer and his story are peculiar and obscure in the mind, with a number of components. It is always a mystery as to the workings of their mind and what compels them to commit such vile acts of violence. In the end, their motives and conscience preceding and after the murder is all that matters. Their reasons for murder may be an account of several different factors, such as the environment and society, their characterization and past, or influences from other people. In Crime and Punishment, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, and The Stranger, by Albert Camus, protagonists Raskolnikov and Meursault commit acts of murder based on separate purposes but entirely motivated by their unique characteristics, and how they affect their mind after the deeds been carried out. We will write a custom essay on The Influences of Traits   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov murders Lizaveta Ivanovna and her sister, Alyona Ivanovna, an old pawnbroker, whom he deems a detested woman and his characterization affects his thoughts after the murder. In the beginning, before the murder, Raskolnikov is indecisive about following through with his plan to kill Alyona and he carries out an experiment as practice and to gain a better understanding on where the money and gold are. This characterizes Raskolnikov as anxious and uncertain, and not fully confident in his own plan and execution of it. However, this hesitation pursues until after the murder of the pawnbroker, where Raskolnikov feels dreadful and uneasy having done this act. He gets jittery and listens to his conscience at times, which tells him a different thing than his heart. For example, on the way to the police station for a summons, the day after the murder, Raskolnikov imagines that he will go in, fall on my knees, and confess everything (97). Also, he debates with himself whether or not to confess it all to the head clerk, Nikodim Fomitch, where he feels the urge to get up at once, and tell him everything that had happened yesterday, and then go with him to his lodgings and show him the things in the hole in the corner (107). Raskolnikovs anxiety and sudden impulses to admit the truth become more visible when he faints at the police station, as soon as the murder of Alyona Ivanovna is mentioned. He remains this way weeks trailing the murder, which further epitomizes his character. Raskolnikovs shock and nervousness impel him to stay attached to the murder. During the days of his illness in pursuit of the murder, he seems to only be interested in that subject each time that it is mentioned. It is noticed by Raskolnikovs doctor, Zossimov as well as Razumihin. He is an indefinite character, in that he wishes to confess his crime and be relieved of it, yet he does not want to face the punishment. This example can be portrayed when Raskolnikov is speaking with Zametov, who works at the police station, at a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. He drops numerous hints to Zametov, about how he is the murderer of the pawnbroker, however, it is assumed to be false and delusive as a result of his illness and delirium. Another example of Raskolnikovs irresoluteness is at the final moment where he decides to go to the police office and confess to Ilya Petrovitch that he is the actual killer. He leaves the office decided upon leaving it a mystery, when he sees Sonia outside and stares into her eyes and he walks back into the office, revealing the long-kept secret after several different thoughts and instances of confessing, where he declares, It was I killed the old pawnbroker woman and her sister Lizaveta with an axe and robbed them (526). Raskolnikovs consistent desir es to confess the truth after the murder are the result of his characteristics. .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 , .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 .postImageUrl , .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 , .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82:hover , .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82:visited , .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82:active { border:0!important; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82:active , .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82 .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3ac0491627f2fcfef0f742e9b85e2b82:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Summary of Act 1 EssayIn The Stranger, Meursault kills and Arab at a beach by shooting him once, then four more times, influenced by his individual characteristics. Meursault is generally a carefree soul, who may also be considered emotionless due to the lack of tears he sheds or emotions he reveals at the events approaching the funeral and the latter, itself, in the opening of the novel. At his mothers vigil, Meursault displays a lack of respect, where he thinks to himself, But I hesitated, because I didnt know if I could do it with Maman right there. I thought about it; it didnt matter. I offered the caretaker a cigarette and we smoked (18). He does not show remorse towa rds his deceased mother, contrary to his mothers friends. Also, Meursault focuses on details not relating to his mother, at the funeral; for example, he pays attention to the intense heat and all of the small features of Thomas Pà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rez such as his slight limp, wrinkly and sweaty skin, the constant taking on and off of his hat and his shortcuts taken to remain caught up with everyone else. This manifests Meursaults indifference to the world around him due to his unique traits. This also pertains to the murder of the Arab, since Meursault did not have a plan or motive to kill him, also lacking a guilty conscience after the murder. The same day following his arrest, Meursault ponders to himself, I had read descriptions like this in books and it all seemed like a game to me (64). He does not realize the situation that he is in, by killing a man, which is mainly a result of his type of character. Another example of Meursaults indifference is his interactions with his current girlfriend, Marie, when she asks him whether he would like to get married to her or not or if he loves her. In response, he says I told her it didnt mean anything but that I didnt think so (35). In response to the marriage proposal, Meursault adds, I said it didnt make any difference to me and that we could if she wanted to (41). This further explains his character and why the murder had been committed . It has been discerned by various people that Meursault is a taciturn and withdrawn person. His unique characteristics partake a major role in the murder of the Arab on a hot day at the beach; given that the murder was not transgressed out of rage or hatred but from the impassive and detached man that he is. Overall, Dostoevsky and Camus deliver murder stories on different levels of understanding and character motives. However, both contain common feature, which is being influenced by their characteristics and the manner in which they act on their conscience when the murders have been done. Although Meursault and Raskolnikov are completely different in character, this is what persuades and prompts their actions and thoughts following the crime. Every person is likely to be instigated by his/her characteristics after any act that he/she commits.

A Rose For Emily Essays

A Rose For Emily Essays A Rose For Emily Essay A Rose For Emily Essay A Rose for Emily, Reader Response Critique Using reader response criticism, the reader can analyze William Faulkners A Rose for Emily through characters, action, and secrets or hidden meanings. The reader can analyze a lot about A Rose for Emily through the characters and make many connections to them and the story. For example, for a period of the story William Faulkner described Emilys appearance as bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water and of that pallid hue. This appearance made it seem like Emily as already dead so it can be said that she was very depressed. Another character that some people can relate to is Homer. In the story he could be considered the opposite of Emily. Emily being quite and dignified, Homer himself had remarked he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks club that he was not a marrying man. He is the complete opposite of Emily who is a refined lady. Some people could see this and know it wouldnt work out because of the type of person Homer is. What is additionally needed for the reader to analyze A Rose for Emily is the action. A decent grasp of the type of person Emily is can be gained based on how she reacted when her father died. Instead of going into depression or getting angry like some people, she denied it. She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days, , trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body. A large quantity of people when faced with something bad want to ignore it and hope it goes away. The towns peoples personality can also be een though their action. During the story a weird smell started to emanate from Emilys house and the people did what you least would expect of them. The first thing someone did was A neighbor, a woman, complained to the mayor, Judge Stevens, eighty years old. This woman went behind Emilys back by complaining to the city instead of telling her. Using reader response criticism, the reader can analyze William Faulkners A Rose for Emily through characters, action, and secrets or hidden meanings. From reading A Rose for Emily, people will better understand how to nalyze people and Judge someone based on their actions and what caused them to do that action. If the reader seriously analyses and connects to the story they will also get a better understanding of how people think and understand hidden meanings behind things in life. A Rose for Emily helps people understand that there are many different people in the world and you must change how you deal with each of these people. Its even more significant that readers can learn from this story and hopefully do better and use what they learned in real life. A Rose For Emily By lizziedurrett

Ego Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ego Psychology - Essay Example Expert counseling and bringing these memories to the fore from the sub conscious by hypnosis can make the disorder disappear in such patients. Freud developed his ideas about the unconscious and psychoanalysis on the basis of these ideas and concluded that interpretation leads to change and healing. Initially Freud theorized about a physiological basis for psychogenic processes (www.alliant.edu) but eventually abandoned that theory keeping the belief that psychological activity was based on biological drives. These drives are â€Å"instinctive processes that energize the mind and impel it to activity†. The psychodynamic theories evolved with early presumptions which were later rejected and modified by Freud ultimately to give certain accepted models of psychoanalytical theories (www.alliant.edu). One such model, the ‘Topographic Model’ is divided into three categories viz. ‘Affect Trauma, Topographical and Structural Models’. The Structural Model was proposed by Freud in 1923 (www.alliant.edu). According to this model, there are three processes involved in the mind i.e. the id, ego and the superego. ID is the entire psychic apparatus at the time of birth of an individual. Eventually ID is replaced by the ego and the superego with the chronological development of the individual. The ID still remains after the development of ego/superego, as the psychic representative of the ‘drives’ which operate by the ‘pleasure principle’ and have no connection to the world outside. ID is driven by the feeling of receiving total and immediate gr atification and avoiding pain. The infant, according to Freud is the prime example of ID as its prime focus is gratification of immediate needs such as hunger and defecation. ID is further sub divided into two processes; ‘reflex actions’ such as blinking and ‘primary process thought’ such as the ‘baby imagining the mother’s nipple’ (www.alliant.edu). As early as at the age of one

SAM 451 UNIT 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 451 UNIT 5 - Assignment Example lso indicates that the cholera occurrences have also been directly hampering tourism in Cuba, which contributed around 2.5 billion to the US economy in 2011 (Orsi, â€Å"US issues advisory for Cuba over cholera cases†). As the report directly indicates the interrelation between cholera cases and tourism development of the Cuban economy, it can be referred as creative statistics. Another statistical report, published in the article titled, â€Å"ACT: Third of high school grads not college ready†, postulates increasing trend of high school graduate students deciphering their unwillingness to go to college. According to the latest survey, it was found that 31% of the students in the US are not ready to go to college, mainly owing to their educational lacunas of learning and applying at the college level. The article further reported that this decline in students’ willingness to go to college, may in future expand the gap between students’ perceptions and abilities with that of the projected job statistics (Elliott, â€Å"ACT: Third of high school grads not college ready†). Hence, imbalances in the US society might be caused owing to fluctuations in the job market, as a consequence of students’ unwillingness to pursue college level studies. This also addresses a creative field of economic development, and thus can be affirmed as a creative statistics illustration. Elliott, Philip. ACT: Third of high school grads not college ready. The Associated Press, 2013. Web. 24 May 2013.

Healthcare law is not in truth mainly about the rights of patients nor Essay

Healthcare law is not in truth mainly about the rights of patients nor the duties of professionals. The main dynamic forces shaping modern healthcare law are economic rather than jurisprudential. Discuss - Essay Example However, recently, it has been brought to the attention of some concerned parties how much economic factors affect healthcare legislation in the UK. They allege that healthcare legislation is now being determined, not by patient rights, but by economic elements. This paper will discuss how healthcare law is not in truth mainly about the rights of patients nor the duties of professionals; it will discuss how the main dynamic forces shaping modern healthcare laws are economic rather than jurisprudential. Healthcare laws are passed with the primary objective of protecting and advocating for the rights of the patient. In the healthcare sector, the patient is the vulnerable party; his condition often makes him a party susceptible to the whims of the healthcare system and the healthcare professionals. In order to neutralize this situation, healthcare laws are in place. These regulations cover rights such as informed consent, right to refuse treatment, right to confidentiality of medical information and such other similar rights. The right to informed consent has been discussed throughout the course as the right of the patient to be properly notified and clarified about the medical procedures that will be undertaken on his person. The risks of these procedures should be properly narrated to the patient in his language. The medical professional informing the patient should ensure that the patient has understood the medical procedures and all that these entail and imply. The right to refus e treatment in essence is about the patient’s choice and his right to refuse medical attention or to refuse medical procedures to be undertaken on his person. The right to confidentiality of medical information is about the right of the patient to be secure in the knowledge that what he reveals to the medical professional in confidence will be kept that way by the

Problems in Defining Poverty

Problems in Defining Poverty Title: Relief of poverty is widely perceived to be the central aim of the social security system. With poverty itself being such a complex phenomenon, it is hardly surprising that differing approaches have been adopted to its definition and measurement. (Neville Harris: Social Security and Society in Harris: Social Security Law in Context p.41) Discuss. Introduction Poverty is indeed a complex concept and phenomenon, and its definition is the subject of considerable academic and social polemic. It is certainly true that there is  no single, universally accepted definition of poverty. In point of fact multifarious definitions of poverty are available in the United Kingdom and from many multilateral and international organisations. One relatively uncontroversial observation that can be made is that modern definitions of poverty have evolved away from conceptions grounded on a paucity of the physical necessities of life and concentrate more on relative and social notions of the state. The Definition of Measurement of Poverty: Competing Perspectives Given the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union and the sovereignty of EU law among its 25 Member States comprising around 460 million citizens it is submitted that as good a place as any to start is the EU definition of poverty. Throughout the 1990s the definition endorsed by the EU was: â€Å"an income of less than half the EU average†[1] This figure was  £150 a week in 1993, and by this objective definition, around 50 million citizens were deemed to be living in poverty in the EU in 1993. However, in recent years the EU has expanded to embrace a number of central and eastern European states which are significantly poorer than its more established western European Member States and partly as a consequence the EU definition of poverty has changed to the following: ‘Persons, families and groups of persons whose resources (material, cultural and social) are so limited as to exclude them from the minimum acceptable way of life in the Member State to which they belong’.[2] This is clearly a more relative measure of poverty, acknowledging that poverty should not merely be measured on financial criteria but that the practical exclusion of those individuals and groups living in poverty from normal patterns of living, activities and customs should also be taken into account. There is therefore an important distinction between absolute and relative concepts of poverty. Absolute poverty relates to a state in which individuals do not possess the items necessary for the sustenance of life, including shelter, clothing and food. In work published at the turn of the last century Rowntree stipulated that a so-called â€Å"poverty line† should be set on the basis of minimum needs.[3] Whereas in 1995 the United Nations Copenhagen Declaration[4] defined absolute poverty in the following terms: â€Å"a condition characterised by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to social services. On the other hand, relative poverty is typically defined as the inability of an individual to engage and participate fully in cultural social and economic terms in the society in which they live. In simple terms relative poverty is therefore based on a comparison between poor individuals and other more fortunate members of society. Townsend has adopted this definition of poverty, stating that it constitutes: the absence or inadequacy of those diets, amenities, standards, services and activities which are common or customary in society.[5] In the United Kingdom poverty is measured in a variety of different ways and by different programmes.. These include: the National Plan on Social Exclusion[6], which was implemented after agreement at the 2000 Lisbon summit of the European Council to address poverty and social exclusion; the Households Below Average Income[7] statistical analysis, which applies a threshold of 60% of median income as a proxy to draw the poverty line; and the Opportunity For All[8] monitoring and review programme, which concentrates on assessing progress towards a fairer and more inclusive society. The United Kingdom Department of Work and Pensions[9] is engaged in an ongoing review of the formula and strategy it employs to measure income poverty. The current thinking is that the best approach would be a tripartite assessment centred on absolute low income, relative low income and material deprivation and low income combined.[10] A great many commentators in the field of sociology have criticised the notion of an absolute definition of poverty.[11] It has been argued that to adopt a general or global definition would be to fail to take account of the crucial socio-economic differentials that distinguish local communities, regions, and nation states. It is submitted that there is little doubt that relative definitions of poverty are now supported by the majority of sociologists.. Two arguments are typically invoked to support this line. First, it is contended that poverty is not a fixed concept but one that can only be properly comprehended and defined in the general socio-economic environment of the particular society in which individuals live. This means that an individual will be classed as in poverty by reference only to the living standards of those around him or her. However, this may be a pregnable position, given that by implication the â€Å"poor† in any given society may be defined by the â€Å"rich† and this may result in anomalies. It may be incongruous or inappropriate (in particular in the context of global poverty) to contend that a family that does not possess two cars, a DVD player, satellite TV and a computer with internet access should necessarily be defined as â€Å"in poverty† merely because those possessions are norms within the favoured society in question. Second, relative poverty is deemed an appropriate measure because individual societies possess a distinct and unique set of cultural norms and values. Arguably this contention is stronger because it seems appropriate that any definition poverty should take account of the sets of expectations, freedoms and choices that individuals have in the society of which they are a member. Cultural aspects of relative poverty focus on the ideal that all members of a society should be capable of sharing in the goods and services available and fundamental to that society and both engaging with and fully participating in the salient institutions of that society. On this basis, whereas the lack of a telephone might not be seen as putting an Ethiopian family into poverty, an old age pensioner living by herself in the United Kingdom might be deemed to be living in poverty if she does not possess such an instrument which is fundamental to life in our society. In the influential and authoritative study Poverty in the United Kingdom, Townsend argued: â€Å"Poverty can be defined objectively and applied consistently only in terms of the concept of relative deprivation†¦ Individuals, families and groups in the  population can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the type of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions and  amenities which are customary, or at least widely encouraged or approved, in the societies to which they belong. Their resources are so seriously below those commanded by the average individual or family that they are, in effect, excluded from ordinary living patterns, customs or activities.†[12] It appears therefore that the relativist approach is in the ascendancy, although this means that there can be no such thing as a clear poverty line, but rather a series of lines drawn in different contexts for different reasons. Concluding Comments In conclusion it is submitted that poverty, however it is ultimately defined or measured, is an inevitable by-product of the capitalist society in which we live, and which now proliferates in the Western World. Capitalism depends on a division between â€Å"haves† and â€Å"have nots† and however poverty is measured or defined it is most unlikely that it will ever be eradicated, given that the profit-motive which drives the commercial motor of society is dependent on its existence as a baseline for endeavour. In particular, if a relative concept of poverty because entrenched and sovereign, we will never rid ourselves of the state, because some faction of society will always be disadvantaged in comparison to the most favoured. The first part of the title to this work states that: â€Å"Relief of poverty is widely perceived to be the central aim of the social security system†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This is probably true but the relief offered is largely analgesic only, providing basic painkilling for the symptoms of poverty but not directly addressing the root causes of poverty itself. The second part of the title to this work states: â€Å"With poverty itself being such a complex phenomenon, it is hardly surprising that differing approaches have been adopted to its definition and measurement. This is also true and can be explained by the fact that so many different agencies and policies, regional, national and international, are directed at tackling poverty for different reasons, from different perspectives and with different objectives..[13] Given the vast disparity that exists within society on a global but even on the national stage, it is hard to envisage a workable all-encompassing definition of poverty that would do justice to every context and every disadvantaged individual.. Consequently, it is likely and probably desirable that multiple definitions of poverty will continue to co-exist for the foreseeable future. BIBLIOGRAPHY Tiscali Reference Encyclopaedia: http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0021818.html Rowntree BS, â€Å"Poverty: A Study of Town Life†, (1901) Longman. United Nations, 1995, The Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action, UN. Townsend P., Poverty in the United Kingdom, (1979) Penguin. Department of Work and Pensions, National Plan on Social Exclusion: http://www.dwp..gov.uk/publications/dwp/2003/nap/ Department of Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income: http://www.dwp..gov.uk/asd/hbai.asp Department of Work and Pensions, Opportunity For All: http://www.dwp.gov.uk/ofa/ Veit-Wilson, J (1987), Consensual Approaches to Poverty Lines and Social Security, Journal of Social Policy, 16(2), pp.183-211 Muffels, R, Berghman J and Dirven, H (1992), A Multi-Method Approach to Monitor the Evolution of Poverty, Journal of European Social Policy, 2(3), pp.193-213. 1 [1] http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0021818.html. [2] See: http://www.childreninwales.org.uk/2157.html. [3] Rowntree BS, â€Å"Poverty: A Study of Town Life†, (1901) Longman. [4] United Nations, 1995, The Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action, UN. [5] Townsend P., Poverty in the United Kingdom, (1979) Penguin. [6] See: http://www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/dwp/2003/nap/ [7] See: http://www.dwp.gov.uk/asd/hbai.asp. [8] See: http://www.dwp.gov.uk/ofa/. [9] See: http://www.dwp.gov.uk/. [10] It is proposed that each of the measurements should be on a before housing cost basis. [11] See inter alia: Veit-Wilson, J (1987), Consensual Approaches to Poverty Lines and Social Security. Journal of Social Policy, 16(2), pp.183-211. [12] Townsend P., Poverty in the United Kingdom, 1979, p31 [13] See for an insightful commentary and analysis: Muffels, R, Berghman J and Dirven, H (1992), A Multi-Method Approach to Monitor the Evolution of Poverty, Journal of European Social Policy, 2(3), pp.193-213.

Anne Sullivan Macy :: essays research papers

Teacher Anne Sullivan Macy By: Helen Keller Year of Publication: 1955 Anne Sullivan Macy Anne Sullivan Macy was born on April 4, 1866 in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts. Her parents were poor Irish immigrants. Anne had trouble with her eyes her whole life. When Anne was eight years old her mother died and two years later her father left. Anne’s younger sister went to live with relatives and Anne and her younger brother Jimmie were sent to the State Infirmary, the almshouse at Tewksbury. They were sent there because Anne was too blind to be useful and Jimmie was lame with a tubercular hip. Jimmie died a few months later and Anne stayed there for four years. In October of 1880, when Anne was 14, she went to Perkins Institution and learned to read Braille. While she was there she had an operation on her eyes which allowed her to read normally for a limited amount of time. She stayed at Perkins for six years and graduated valedictorian of her class. Anne Sullivan Macy arrived in Tuscumbia, Alabama to be Helen Keller’s teacher on March 3, 1887. She began spelling into Helen’s hand and after about a month Helen â€Å"made contact with reality†. When Helen was older she went to Radcliffe College. Anne â€Å"read† her all the texts that were not available in Braille. This eventually caused Anne to completely lose her sight. A year after Helen graduated from Radcliffe, Anne married John Macy, but their marriage soon broke up because Anne was too dedicated to Helen. Anne’s vision began to deteriorate to the point that she could no longer be sure where she was going in unfamiliar places. She wasn’t well and they didn’t have a lot of money. In early 1913 they went on the lecture circuit. It didn’t take very long before Anne became very sick and they realized that they couldn’t do it alone. Helen decided to accept a pension that she had previously declined from Andrew Carnegie. When Anne was well they went on the road again, but this time Helen’s mother was with them. After this tour they met Miss Polly Thomson who became their secretary. They continued to lecture until 1916 when Helen became so obsessed by the war in Europe that the only thing she could talk about was peace. Soon after, Anne got very ill with a cough that was misdiagnosed as Tuberculosis. She was rushed off to Lake Placid and then went to Puerto Rico where she got the rest that she needed.

Patient Falls and Medication Errors Essay

Issue/Problem of Interest Falls are the second most common adverse event within health care institutions following medication errors, and an estimated 30% of hospital-based falls result in serious injury. The severity of this problem led the Joint Commission to make reducing the risk of patient injuries from falls a national patient safety goal for hospitals in 2009 (AHRQ, 2006). Falls are a leading cause of hospital-acquired injury and frequently prolong and complicate hospital stays and result in poor quality of life, increased costs, and unanticipated admissions to long-term care facilities. Changes in health care financing in the 1990s were accompanied by a variety of cost-cutting measures in hospitals across the United States. Common cost-cutting strategies included reducing the total number of nursing hours per patient day and reducing the percentage of hours supplied by registered nurses (RNs), the most highly paid group. The reduction in staffing led to widespread concern that patient care in acute care settings would suffer. In response to concerns about staffing and quality of care, the American Nurses Association (ANA) launched the Patient Safety and Nursing Quality Initiatives in 1994 to address the impact of health care restructuring on patient care and nursing. To facilitate the initiative, ANA established the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) in 1997, with two goals: (1) to develop a database that would support empirical monitoring of the impact of nurse staffing on patient safety and quality of care across the nation, and (2) to provide individual hospitals with a quality improvement tool that includes national comparisons of nurse staffing and patient outcomes with similar hospitals (Hart and Davis, 2010). Selection Rationale Patient falls impact hospitals both financially and in regulatory body status. In 2005, in response to disturbing and widely cited findings by the Institute of Medicine about the prevalence of life-threatening conditions acquired by patients in U.S. hospitals, Congress authorized the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to implement payment changes designed to encourage the prevention of such conditions. Under an amendment to the Social Security Act that was enacted on January 1, 2007, the secretary of  Health and Human Services was required to identify at least two hospital-acquired conditions by October 1, 2007, that were high-cost, high-volume, or both; that resulted in the assignment of a case to a higher-paying diagnosis-related group (DRG) when they were present as a secondary diagnosis; and that could reasonably be prevented through the application of evidence-based guidelines (New England Journal of Medicine, 2009). The CMS worked collaboratively with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and on October 1, 2008, enacted new payment provisions: Medicare will no longer reimburse hospitals for a higher-paying DRG when one of eight selected hospital-acquired conditions develops during the hospital stay. The CMS heralded this move as an effort to align financial incentives with the quality of care, thereby promoting both quality and efficiency. Hospital falls and trauma were included as one of the eight conditions that, the CMS argues, â€Å"should not occur after admission to the hospital.† Three to 20% of inpatients fall at least once during their hospital stay; these falls result in injuries, increased lengths of stay, malpractice lawsuits, and more than $4,000 in excess charges per hospitalization. Thus, hospital falls represent a major patient-safety problem and may complicate a patient’s care and treatment (New England Journal of Medicine, 2009). Target Population The target population chosen consists of patients admitted to the medical and surgical floors at two large teaching hospitals. The first hospital is a 1,000 bed not-for-profit teaching hospital located in Dallas, Texas with an average daily census of 917. This organization consists of 12 medical and surgical floors with a total bed capacity of 428. Each floor consists of the nurse manager, registered nurses, certified nursing assistants, and unit secretaries. Patients most frequently cared for on the medical floors at this facility consist of those suffering from exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, diabetes mellitus (DM), cerebral vascular accident (CVA), and sepsis. Patients most frequently cared for on the surgical floors consist of those healing from orthopedic injury and/or surgery, gastric bypass surgery, abdominal explorative surgery, neurovascular surgery, post kidney and liver transplant patients, and those patients recovering from gynecol ogical operations. The population of patients being cared for at this hospital comprise mostly of patients 55  years and older. Of the 428 patients being cared for on a daily basis at this organization, 15% of these patients require total assistance, 25% require extensive assistance, and 50% require limited assistance. The second hospital system, NorthShore University HealthSystem (NSUHS), is a comprehensive, fully integrated, not-for-profit health care system that serves the greater North Shore and Northern Illinois communities. NSUHS includes four hospitals with 795 configured beds with a total of medical/surgical configured beds at 495. The average medical and surgical daily census is 103.9. The medical/surgical occupancy is 62% of staffed beds on 19 units. Each unit consists of a clinical nurse manager, registered nurses, patient care technicians, and unit concierges. The top medical DRG’s include congestive heart failure (CHF), pneumonia, respiratory, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and CVA. The top surgical admissions include orthopedic joint replacement, general surgery, and spinal surgery. The average age of patients being cared for in this system is 68.5 years. Of the 495 patients being cared for on the medical and surgical units, at least 50% require total assistance and 50% require limited assistance. Significance Patient falls in the hospital setting are common and may lead to negative outcomes such as injuries, prolonged hospitalization, and legal responsibility. Falls can also have serious effects on a person’s ability to function as a productive member of their family, community, or society. These occurrences have long been documented as a significant, and potentially avoidable, type of undesirable patient event (Steven, 2004). Patient falls are the second most common cause of harm in hospitals and are the leading category of reported incidents in hospitals affecting approximately three to 20% of patients during their hospitalization (Sutton &ump; Wallace, 2005). The frequency of patient falls, as recorded in the literature, ranges from 25% to 89% of all hospital adverse incidents, depending on the patient population studied (Hitcho, 2004). The rates vary from 1.9 up to 18.4 falls per 1,000 patient days depending on organization type, and according to a study by the National Council on Aging, 30% of these incidences result in serious injury (Stevens, 2004). Another  significant consequence of falls is that they are expensive and contribute to the increasing health care expenditure. An estimate of the average DRG payment for injuries sustained by a patient falling is $25, 643 (Hart, Chen, Rashidee, and Sanjaya, 2009). This is significant in that with the developing atmosphere of pay-for-performance, initiated by CMS, hospitals now have a major monetary stake in reducing the number of fall-related injuries. The CDC estimates that the cost of fall injuries will exceed $23 billion within the next few years (Tzeng, 2008).

An Introduction to Literary Nonfiction

An Introduction to Literary Nonfiction Literary nonfiction is a type of prose that employs the literary techniques usually associated with fiction or poetry to report on persons, places, and events in the real world without altering facts. The genre of literary nonfiction, also known as creative nonfiction, is broad enough to include travel writing, nature writing, science writing, sports writing, biography, autobiography, memoir,interviews, and familiar and personal essays. Literary nonfiction is alive and well, but it is not without its critics. Examples Here are several examples of literary nonfiction from noted authors: The Cries of London, by Joseph AddisonDeath of a Soldier, by Louisa May AlcottA Glorious Resurrection, by Frederick DouglassThe San Francisco Earthquake, by Jack LondonThe Watercress Girl, by Henry Mayhew Observations The word literary masks all kinds of ideological concerns, all kinds of values, and is finally more a way of looking at a text, a way of reading...than an inherent property of a text.(Chris Anderson, Introduction: Literary Nonfiction and Composition in Literary Nonfiction: Theory, Criticism, Pedagogy)Fictional Devices in Literary NonfictionOne of the profound changes to have affected serious writing in recent years has been the spread of fiction and poetry techniques into literary nonfiction: the show, don’t tell requirement, the emphasis on concrete sensory detail and avoidance of abstraction, the use of recurrent imagery as symbolic motif, the taste for the present tense, even the employment of unreliable narrators. There has always been some crossover between the genres. I am no genre purist, and welcome the cross-pollination, and have dialogue scenes in my own personal essays (as did Addison and Steele). But it is one thing to accept using dialogue scenes or lyrical imager y in a personal narrative, and quite another to insist that every part of that narrative be rendered in scenes or concrete sensory descriptions. A previous workshop teacher had told one of my students, Creative non-fiction is the application of fictional devices to memory. With such narrow formulae, indifferent to nonfictions full range of options, is it any wonder that students have started to shy away from making analytical distinctions or writing reflective commentary?(Phillip Lopate, To Show and to Tell: The Craft of Literary Nonfiction) Practical Nonfiction vs. Literary NonfictionPractical nonfiction is designed to communicate information in circumstances where the quality of the writing is not considered as important as the content. Practical nonfiction appears mainly in popular magazines, newspaper Sunday supplements, feature articles, and in self-help and how-to books...Literary nonfiction puts emphasis on the precise and skilled use of words and tone, and the assumption that the reader is as intelligent as the writer. While information is included, insight about that information, presented with some originality, may predominate. Sometimes the subject of literary nonfiction may not at the onset be of great interest to the reader, but the character of the writing may lure the reader into that subject.Literary nonfiction appears in books, in some general magazines such as The New Yorker, Harpers, the Atlantic, Commentary, the New York Review of Books, in many so-called little or small-circulation magazines, in a fe w newspapers regularly and in some other newspapers from time to time, occasionally in a Sunday supplement, and in book review media.(Sol Stein, Stein on Writing: A Master Editor of Some of the Most Successful Writers of Our Century Shares His Craft Techniques and Strategies) Literary Nonfiction in the English DepartmentIt might be the case that composition studies...needs the category of literary nonfiction to assert its place in the hierarchy of discourse comprising the modern English department. As English departments became increasingly centered on the interpretation of texts, it became increasingly important for compositionists to identify texts of their own.(Douglas Hesse, The Recent Rise of Literary Nonfiction: A Cautionary Assay in Composition Theory for the Postmodern Classroom)Whether critics are arguing about contemporary American nonfiction for historical or theoretical purposes, one of the primary (overt and usually stated) aims is to persuade other critics to take literary nonfiction seriously- to grant it the status of poetry, drama, and fiction.(Mark Christopher Allister, Refiguring the Map of Sorrow: Nature Writing and Autobiography)

Common Mistakes in Grammar to Be Careful About

Common Mistakes in Grammar to Be Careful About Common Mistakes in Grammar to be Careful about in Writing 1.  Ã‚   You’re vs. Your Beginning with the basics is important. Notably, this is a mistake in grammar that students and academics should not be making while at the undergraduate educational level. Nevertheless, also some of the advanced writers of essays are remorseful of this error of grammar, only because they fail to go through their work again. The following is the difference between ‘you’re’ and ‘your’: You’re simply a shortened verse of the word you are Yours happens to be a possessive pronoun If a person is ever having difficulties to choose the word to use between the two, lengthen the compressed you’re. For instance, ‘you’re a garden is lovely,’ is not correct since it implies you are a garden is lovely. 2.  Ã‚   Their vs. There This is an error in grammar that ought to have been cleared out at auxiliary school. The standard itself is usually seen, so this incident seems most normally as an error. There can be utilized from various perspectives: as a source of perspective to a place we should go there, or as a pronoun there is no way. ‘Their’ is a plural possessive pronoun, as in their cakes or their sentiments. In this way, in case youre discussing more than one individual and something they have, utilize their unfailingly. 3.  Ã‚   Tenses Tenses are a typical grammatical mix-up in papers paying little mind to the dimension of study. When in doubt, in case youre referencing a persons feeling (whos as yet alive) ensure you utilize the current state for example Fleming says as opposed to Fleming said, as the last make their perspectives sound increasingly dated. A few students additionally will, in general, compose the prologue to their exposition later on tense for example in this exposition I will†¦ instead of in this article, I am going to†¦ which makes the paper sound progressively certain and self-assured. 4.  Ã‚   Hypothetical Circumstances While examining speculative circumstances, which you much of the time do when advancing hypotheses and sentiments in college expositions, dependably utilize the words were and would. Even though somewhat more progressed than our past precedents, this is as yet a typical misstep that could antagonistically influence the meaningfulness of your article. Beyonce and Gwen Stefani have done everything they can to enable us to recollect this essential guideline with their melodies If I was a rich young lady – inaccurate, and On the off chance that I was a kid – right. 5.  Ã‚   Parallel Lists For coherence, things in a rundown ought to dependably be in the parallel frame, which implies every section in the rundown is organized similarly. For instance: He was content with his sprinting, shooting, and his spilling – Incorrect He was content with his sprinting, shooting, and spilling – Correct He was content with his sprinting, his shooting, and his spilling – Correct

3 questions to answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

3 questions to answer - Essay Example Foreign direct investments and trades were encouraged under the â€Å"open door policy† to ensure rapid economic growth of the country (Zhao 114). During the Mao era, China tried to achieve its economic objectives under ideological and conservative foreign policies. However, the failure of â€Å"Great Leap Forward† and â€Å"Cultural Revolution† caused the deaths of millions of people and significantly crippled the Chinese economy and brought the country on the verge of failure in terms of political and socio-economic aspects (Solomon 60-97). By adopting the â€Å"Great Leap Forward† policy in the late 1950s, Mao tried to promote China’s industrialization by emphasizing on the development of domestic â€Å"backyard† steel manufacturing factories. Besides steel, other industries were particularly ignored. As traditional peasants were forced to work in factories instead of fields, most of the country’s crops were spoiled due to the lack of harvesting. Consequently, a great famine gripped the country from 1959 to 1961. According to official reports, over 45 million of people were died from starvation during the â€Å"three bitter years† (Southerland). During Mao’s 2nd disastrous policy, i.e., â€Å"Cultural Revolution†, enormous number of scientists, intellectuals, teachers, artists, and others, who were considered as a threat to the Communist ideology, were tortured, harassed, imprisoned, or executed under the name of social and political persecution. Mao’s oppressive ideological policies and self-isolation from global platform descended the country into chaos and lawlessness (Southerland). Historically, China had a troublesome relationship with its neighbors due to territory and border issues. India, Japan, and Soviet Union were the biggest competitors and threats to China and its objective of becoming an Asian powerhouse. In order to protect its sovereignty and national security, developing a strong military and overall,

Hand Wash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hand Wash - Essay Example In a review article11 Semmelweis observed that mortality rate from puerperal fever was high (16%) before May 1847 in a clinic where doctors and student doctors provided care to women in labour despite washing hands with soap and water before entering the obstetric clinic† (Mukwato et al. n.d.). Semmelweis (1847) assume that the elevated rates of puerperal flu and infection were caused by the â€Å"cadaverous† element, spread from the autopsy room to the obstetric region via the hands of student and from the doctors. In May 1847, Semmelweis confirmed through that doctors and students rub their hands in lime mixture (which is also chlorinated) prior to each bodily examination. As a result the death rate in that clinic had a drop from 16% to 3.06% in the remaining 7 months of 1847. â€Å"Heynes et al [19] offered a widely accepted definition of compliance within health care settings [20]. According to this definition, compliance is the extent to which certain behaviour (fo r example, following physician's orders or implementing healthier lifestyles) is in accordance with the physicians' instructions or health care advice. Compliance can be influenced or controlled by a variety of factors like culture, economic and social factors, self-efficacy, and lack of knowledge or means† (Efstathiou et al. 2012). Katowa P. Mukwato, 1C.M.   in his report, states that the analysed that mortality rate is inferior to burns infectivity was low in wards that were located on the top floor.... In May 1847, Semmelweis confirmed through that doctors and students rub their hands in lime mixture (which is also chlorinated) prior to each bodily examination. As a result the death rate in that clinic had a drop from 16% to 3.06% in the remaining 7 months of 1847. â€Å"Heynes et al [19] offered a widely accepted definition of compliance within health care settings [20]. According to this definition, compliance is the extent to which certain behaviour (for example, following physician's orders or implementing healthier lifestyles) is in accordance with the physicians' instructions or health care advice. Compliance can be influenced or controlled by a variety of factors like culture, economic and social factors, self-efficacy, and lack of knowledge or means† (Efstathiou et al. 2012). Katowa P. Mukwato, 1C.M. in his report, states that the analysed that mortality rate is inferior to burns infectivity was low in wards that were located on the top floor most likely due to minim um actions and good exposure to air. These statements highlight the significance of variable traffic flow and movement pattern as a component of disease prevention. Assessment of traffic and action patterns in a ward helps in diminishing the number of microorganisms there in the environment, as the amount of microorganisms in a selected area tends to be associated to the number of people present and the various activities carried out. â€Å"A worrying trend in hospitals is the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms which can survive on the hands of health care workers. Many, if not most, hospital-acquired infections continue to be spread by direct